摘要：各类短语在考研英语阅读理解和翻译中无处不在。掌握好短语的翻译方法至关重要。今天我们就来看看各类短语定语如何翻译最恰当。
要提升翻译技能就要熟悉语法，还要掌握不同类型的句式的译法。定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分。英语的实词、短语及从句都可以作定语。作定语的短语一般有以下几种：
1. 分词短语作定语
2. 介词短语作定语
3. 形容词、不定式短语作定语
在翻译中，短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前，接下来具体举例说明其考查方式及翻译方法。
▶ing现在分词作定语
2000 75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements ---------themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
ing现在分词作定语
1) 在哪里划线断句?
2) 这句话中ing现在分词作定语在哪?放在哪个中心词前面翻译?
翻译：额外的社会压力也可能会产生由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动所引起的各种问题。如今，现代交通工具使得大量人口流动变得相对容易。
1998 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures ,and may report their findings soon.
翻译：用在南极的路基探测器和气球携载仪器来工作的天体物理学家，正在越来越近的观察这样一些结构，不久就会报告他们的发现成果。
▶Ved过去分词短语作定语
2003 63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
翻译：强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用的跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
2003 64)Tylor defined culture as “………..that complex whole which includes belief ,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
翻译：泰勒把文化定义为一个复合体，它包括由人作为社会成员所获得的信仰，艺术，道德，法律，习俗以及其它能力和习惯。
▶介词短语作定语
2000 71)Under modern conditions,this requires varing measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
翻译：在现代条件下，这需要中央控制的不同措施从而还需要诸如经济学家和运筹学家等专家的协助。
▶形容词短语作定语
1999 74)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
翻译：所谓方法论是指一般历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史探究中各个领域适用的研究方法，人们对此意见不一。
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