中文 | 英文 |
国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划（“十三五”规划） | the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (the 13th Five-Year Plan ) |
全面建成小康社会决胜阶段 | the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects |
坚持人民主体地位 | uphold the principal position of the people |
引领经济发展新常态 | guide the new normal in China’s economic development |
中高速增长 | medium-high rate of economic growth |
创新发展 | innovative development |
创新是引领发展的第一动力 | Innovation is the primary engine of development. |
协调发展 | coordinated development |
协调是持续健康发展的内在要求 | Coordination is an integral aspect of sustained and healthy development. |
绿色发展 | green development; eco-friendly development |
绿色是永续发展的必要条件和人民对美好生活追求的重要体现 | Green, which represents an eco-friendly outlook, is a necessary condition for ensuring lasting development as well as an important way in which people pursue a better life. |
开放发展 | open development |
开放是国家繁荣发展的必由之路 | Opening up is the path China must take to achieve prosperity and development. |
共享发展 | shared development |
共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求 | Sharing is the essence of socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
中文 | 英文 |
人与自然和谐发展 | humankind develops in harmony with nature; harmonious development between man and nature |
生命共同体 | a community of life |
生态文明 | ecological progress; ecological conservation; eco-civilization |
生态文化 | eco-culture |
国家生态安全 | national ecological security |
全球生态安全 | global ecological security |
生态文明制度体系 【例】到2020年，构建起由自然资源资产产权制度、国土空间开发保护制度等八项制度构成的生态文明制度体系。 | institutional framework for promoting ecological progress By 2020, an institutional framework composed of eight systems will have been established for promoting ecological progress, including a property rights system for natural resource assets and a system for developing and protecting territorial space. |
生态文明体制改革 【例】紧紧围绕建设美丽中国,深化生态文明体制改革，加快建立生态文明制度，推动形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局。 | reform for promoting ecological progress To build a beautiful China, we will deepen reform to promote ecological progress and move faster to establish related systems so as to create a new model of modernization that ensures humanity develops in harmony with nature. |
绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展 | green, circular, and low-carbon development |
节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主 | give high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment, and letting nature restore itself |
生态保护红线 | ecological conservation redline |
国家公园体制 | national park system |
资源有偿使用和生态补偿制度 | system for payment-based resource use and compensation for ecological conservation |
跨区域、跨流域生态补偿机制 | mechanism for trans-regional and cross-watershed compensation for ecological conservation |
生态文明绩效评价考核和责任追究 | ecological conservation performance assessment and accountability |
生态环境损害责任终身追究制 | system of lifelong accountability for ecological and environmental damage |
污染物排放许可制 | permit system for pollutants emissions |
绿水青山就是金山银山 | Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. |
中文 | 英文 |
苟日新，日日新，又日新 | If you can improve yourself in a day, do so each day, forever building on improvement. |
千里之行，始于足下 | A journey of a thousand li begins with a single step. |
政贵有恒 | Consistency is valuable in governance. |
功崇惟志，业广惟勤 | Great accomplishments require ambition and tireless effort. |
鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 | I will work heart and soul for my country to the day I draw my last breath. |
兄弟齐心，其利断金 | When brothers come together, there is nothing they cannot achieve. |
君子一言，驷马难追 | A word spoken is a word that must be honored. |
和而不同 【例】中国自古就主张和而不同。我们希望，国与国之间、不同文明之间能够平等交流、相互借鉴、共同进步，各国人民都能够共享世界经济科技发展的成果，各国人民的意愿能够得到尊重，各国能够齐心协力推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。 | harmony in diversity China has, since ancient times, been an exponent of harmony in diversity. We hope that different countries and different civilizations will engage in exchange on an equal basis, learn from each other, and achieve common progress. We hope that the people of all countries will share in the fruits of global economic, scientific, and technological advances and that their aspirations are respected. We also hope that all countries will work together in building a harmonious world where peace is lasting and prosperity is shared by all. |
得其大者可以兼其小 【例】“得其大者可以兼其小。”只有把人生理想融入国家和民族的事业中，才能最终成就一番事业。 | The finer details fall into place when they align with the bigger picture. The finer details fall into place when they align with the bigger picture. You will accomplish something significant in life if you integrate your ambitions into the cause of your country and its people. |
行百里者半九十 【例】行百里者半九十。距离实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标越近，我们越不能懈怠，越要加倍努力，越要动员广大青年为之奋斗。 | On reaching the last leg of a journey, you are only half way there. On reaching the last leg of a journey, you are only half way there. The closer we are to our goal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation, the less we can afford to slack off, the more we need to intensify our efforts, and the more we need to encourage young people to work toward this goal. |
位卑未敢忘忧国 | Whatever my status, I will never lay aside my concern for the nation. |
富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈 | never be corrupted by wealth or status, depart from principle due to poverty or humble position, or bow down to power or force |
先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐 | I wish to be the first to worry about the nation’s woes and the last to share in its prosperity. |
苟利国家生死以， 岂因祸福避趋之 | Were it to benefit my country I would lay down my life; What then is risk to me? |
人生自古谁无死， 留取丹心照汗青 | Everyone will one day die; When my day comes, may my loyalty be inscribed in the pages of history. |
长风破浪会有时， 直挂云帆济沧海 | Someday, with my sail piercing the clouds; I will mount the wind, break the waves, and traverse the vast, rolling sea. |
中文 | 英文 |
中国梦 【例】实现中华民族伟大复兴，是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。 | Chinese Dream The rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the beginning of modern times; we call this the Chinese Dream. The idea in essence is to make the country prosperous and strong, rejuvenate the nation, and see that the people are happy. |
中国道路 【例】实现中国梦必须走中国道路。这就是中国特色社会主义道路。 | Chinese path To realize the Chinese Dream, we must follow a Chinese path – the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
中国精神 【例】实现中国梦必须弘扬中国精神。这就是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神，以改革创新为核心的时代精神。 | Chinese spirit To realize the Chinese Dream, we must foster the Chinese spirit – a fusion of the spirit of the Chinese people, central to which is patriotism, and the spirit of our era, central to which are reform and innovation. |
中国力量 【例】实现中国梦必须凝聚中国力量。这就是中国各族人民大团结的力量。 | Chinese strength To realize the Chinese Dream, we must bring together Chinese strength – the strength produced by all Chinese people coming together in unity. |
中国方案 【例】我们将更多提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧，为国际社会提供更多公共产品。 | Chinese approach We will propose more Chinese approaches, share more Chinese knowledge, and offer more public goods to the international community. |
和平发展道路 【例】中国走和平发展道路，其他国家也都要走和平发展道路，只有各国都走和平发展道路，各国才能共同发展，国与国才能和平相处。 | path of peaceful development China is taking the path of peaceful development, as should other countries. Only if everyone takes this path can all countries develop together and live in peace. |
互利共赢的开放战略 【例】中国将始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，通过深化合作促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。 | mutually beneficial opening up strategy China will remain firmly committed to a mutually beneficial opening up strategy, and through deeper cooperation, promote the robust, sustainable, and balanced growth of the world economy. |
世界人民的梦想 【例】中国梦既是中国人民追求幸福的梦，也同世界人民的梦想息息相通。 | dreams of all peoples The Chinese Dream is the Chinese people’s dream of happiness and is closely connected with the dreams of all peoples. |
命运共同体 【例】我们的事业是同世界各国合作共赢的事业。国际社会日益成为一个你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。 | community with a common future Our cause is the cause of win-win cooperation with all countries. The world is increasingly becoming a community with a common future in which all countries are interdependent. |
中文 | 英文 |
九一八事变 | September 18th Incident |
七七事变（卢沟桥事变） | July 7th Incident (Lugou Bridge Incident) |
淞沪会战 | Battle of Shanghai |
平型关大捷 | Battle of Pingxingguan; victory at Pingxingguan |
台儿庄大捷 | Battle of Tai’erzhuang; victory at Tai’erzhuang |
武汉会战 | Battle of Wuhan |
百团大战 | Hundred-Regiment Campaign |
八路军 | Eighth Route Army |
新四军 | New Fourth Army |
东北抗日联军 | Northeast United Resistance Army |
华南人民抗日游击队 | Southern China People’s Counter-Japanese Guerrilla Force |
中国远征军 | Chinese Expeditionary Force |
持久战 | protracted war |
游击战 | guerrilla warfare |
运动战 | mobile warfare |
地道战 | tunnel warfare |
地雷战 | landmine warfare |
抗日根据地 | resistance base |
解放区 | liberated area |
游击区 | guerrilla area |
敌占区（沦陷区） | enemy-occupied area; occupied area |
大东亚共荣圈; | Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; |
三光;政策 | Three Alls; policy (kill all, burn all, loot all) |
731部队;（满洲第731部队） | Unit 731; (Unit 731 of Manchuria) |
南京大屠杀 | Nanjing Massacre |
慰安妇; | comfort women; |
细菌战 | germ warfare |
化学战 | chemical warfare |
扫荡; | mopping-up; operation |
蚕食; | gnawing-away; operation |
清乡; | pacification; operation |
会主义法治国家 | socialist rule of law country; socialist country built on the rule of law |
建设法治中国 | build a rule of law China |
依法治国 | law-based governance of the country |
依法执政 | law-based exercise of state power |
依法行政 | law-based administration of government |
依宪治国 | governance of the country on the basis of its constitution |
宪法日 | Constitution Day |
法律是治国之重器，良法是善治之前提 | The law is of great value in the governance of a country, and good laws are a prerequisite for good governance. |
法治体系 | rule of law system |
于法有据 【例】重大改革于法有据 | have a legal basis All of our major reforms should have a legal basis. |
法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设 | a holistic approach to strengthening the rule of law in the country, in its government, and in society |
有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 | ensure that laws are put in place, observed, and strictly enforced and that anyone who violates the law is held to account |
科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法 | take a well-conceived approach to law-making, and ensure that law is strictly enforced, justice is administered impartially, and the law is observed by all |
职能科学、权责法定、执法严明、公开公正、廉洁高效、守法诚信的法治政府 | a rule of law government which has well-conceived functions and statutorily defined powers and responsibilities; which strictly enforces the law and is impartial; and which operates in an open, clean, and efficient way, with strong credibility |
执法责任制 | accountability system for law enforcement |
人民陪审员制度 | system of people’s assessors |
重大决策终身责任追究制度 | system of lifelong accountability for major decisions |
重大决策责任倒查机制 | mechanism for retroactive investigation into accountability for major decisions |
政府权力清单 | list of government powers |
依法治国和以德治国相结合 | combine the rule of law with the rule of virtue |
天下之事，不难于立法，而难于法之必行 | In the governance of a country, it is the enforcement, not the enactment, of law that presents the greatest challenge. |
法立，有犯而必施；令出，唯行而不返 | Once enacted, a law must be enforced and anyone who violates it must be held to account. |
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