例：The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.
翻译：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。读法：初级：读出主谓宾来。分析：主语：The methods; 谓语：com into being;不定式to引导表示目的状语。高级：直接读，见后。考查能力：考查考生的大脑容量。
第二类：大段的插入与或同位语
打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。
例：Moreover， I can feel strong emotions in response to objects of art that are interpretations，rather than representations， of reality.(LSAT)
读法：初级：跳过插入语; 高级：直接读;查查能力：大脑容量+抗干扰能力
第三类：倒装
由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。也是一种人为现象。例：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
读法：需要经过训练后才能按正常语序读。
正常语序：
That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants that an individual will have and hence the sex ratio which maximize the number of gene copies transmitted will be favered。
高级读法：直接读，见后：考查能力：大脑的排序能力
第四类：省略
相对以上三种来讲比较简单，在短句中大家一般都可以看出。但是如果在长句中出现，特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现，也会给同学们带来很大的困难。如上例原句中的省略，在第二个the number of 前省略了"sex ration which maximizes".
二、考研阅读难句的典型结构
1、长成分
1)、长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、主语从句
b、宾语从句
2)、长状语
3)、层层修饰
4)、并列成分
2、常见倒装搭配
(1)、及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)、及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、省略的几种情况
(1)、重复的成分
(2)、让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)、定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)、定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、短语被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .
【例1】、(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
A、 这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因，是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。
C、 第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give . A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B， 则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire，what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to record the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely.
【例2】His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
本句长度惊人，插入部分比较长，再加上不乏抽象词，所以较为难懂，在表示转折的后半个分钟中，长长的插入语as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice的同位语，使分句中的主谓相隔千山万水。除此之外，本句用词抽象，语义难以理解，对读者的词汇功底要求较高。考试现场如无法读懂，宜用合理化原则中的取非读法，but之前的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用，转折后的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相对无用。