考研英语：快速找到完形填空主线索

郑大考研网

　　▶顺藤摸瓜
　　顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句，因为第一句是不命题的，它的信息是完整的。具体到作题的时候要瞻前顾后，这就是文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找，哪个项目符合你的要求，这样成功率比较高。

　　▶顾全整体
　　要顾全大局的问题，就是一句话应该存在于段落里面，你做一道题的时候不能离开一个段落，同时大家还要注意认清细节。

　　▶合理掌握答题时间
　　完形15分钟，因为完形是20道题，一道题是0.5分，不能在每一道题花很长的时间，阅读理解一道题是两分，所以分配时间的比例，要根据它的分值来分配，一般是15分钟，稍微多一点，十六七分，超过了20分钟，后面就来不及了。所以第一道题要注意一下。完形里面20道题不可能都是难的，做不出来随便划一个可以了。

　　▶解题步骤
　　1、重点读文章的首句或首段
　　首句之后的第二句往往也很重要，也可能是总述句的范畴，建议根据情况重点读。

　　2、再重点读每一段的首句

　　3、以上首句之外的分述部分，挑选分述中各句子中的一些重点词语，如谓语动词，形容词、名词等，进行综合分析。

　　以上这三个步骤，第一步是核心，由于完型文章大都采用总分对照结构，一般通过文章的首句就已经能够读出中心主线了；如果有些文章的首句对文章中心主线表现的不是很明确的话，第二和第三个步骤可用来和第一步骤互相配合，进一步明确中心主线。

　　例：2003年完型文章
　　Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background。
　　In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37. this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules。

　　该文章的首句Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. 教师们需要意识到青少年所经历的情绪、智力和身体上的变化。

　　这个首句虽然大体揭示出文章的主题(FOCUS)是有关青少年应对变化的问题，但中心主线，如作者的态度倾向性等并不是很明确。其实，我们只要在之后的分述部分抓几个句子的重要词语，就马上可以明确这些：
　　分述部分
　　……but not just in ways that emphasize competition……
　　……adjusting to……new intellectual and emotional challenges……
　　……teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition……
　　……there are more winners than losers……
　　……Making friends is extremely important to teenagers……
　　……A variety of activities should be organized……
　　……without feeling guilty……