2011年考研英语完形填空名师点评

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题目的文章来自于 2009年4月号Scientific American, 作者 Steve Ayan, 原文题目为 　How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感
　　Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health。” But 1 despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have 5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。
　　6 In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 opposite. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the guffaw subsides。
　　Such physical relaxation might conceivably help 9 moderate the effects of psychological stress. After all, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 physical feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 in physical reactions. American psychologist William James and Danish physiologist Carl Lange argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 because they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow。
　　Although sadness also 14 precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to 16 hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a 17 disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 reacted more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood。
　　1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like C
　　2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce　D
　　3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining　B
　　4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe　B
　　5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable　A
　　6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief　B
　　7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected　A
　　8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes　D
　　9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance　C
　　10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal　A
　　11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for　B
　　12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at　C
　　13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because　D
　　14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses　　C
　　15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond　B
　　16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold　D
　　17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent　A
　　18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted　D
　　19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing A
　　20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely C
　　2011年的完型是简单的，一上来就做出了证明：第一题考了极其明显的逻辑关系而不是前几年一样先来一个‘纸老虎’的下马威。而这样的简单词汇居然考了5道题之多(1/6/11/13/20)。
　　文章出处，还是来自于距离出题时间一年左右的西方杂志(符合我们讲的出题时间前十几到三十几个月的规律，显得更‘新’而已)。
　　今年的20道题80个选项，很多选项单词的设置都曾经在历年真题当中都出现过。如果说考生在一年的学习当中，如果不停的实践以真题为备考的复习原则的话，难度不是特别大。这个规律，在‘走向未来’和‘画龙点睛’中我多次提及。而所谓‘新出现’的选项词汇作为正确答案的，也只有两成左右。
　　出现了一些比较简单的题目，个别答案的词或词组难度相当于中考或者是高考。这个规律，我们当时也讲了两条：最简单的答案首选；偏词怪词首次出现的词汇不宜选。(1/5/10/12/13/14/16/18都是这样的。)
　　还有一个更重要的规律，我们在课上也讲过多次，这次考题所占比例非常的大，甚至达到了总题量的整整一半！那就是同义和反义选项的问题，也直接降低了本次考试完型的难度。我将再写一篇评论单独论述这个话题。
　　新题型，简单的排序题。这样的排序题虽然我们准备时候的素材特别少，加上这一篇才有三篇样题，但是阻挡不了这种题目本身的简单和极强的规律性。这篇更像大纲样题，大家应该比较开心，几个规律，都适用：注意六个信息(时间、地点、列举顺序重复信息、逻辑标志词、代词、冠词)；注意答案正确率的叠加性和放大性。
　　继续论述：
　　像我们提及的十大解题技巧里面很明确的同时也是很简单的‘关联对应结构’技巧，在本文中基本上每段都有出现(3/10/17)，使得这几道题目近乎送分。
　　另外一个我要着重论述的规律，也是最近几年出现的比较频繁的规律，就是同义和反义选项的问题，占总题量的一半：
　　题1：B except和C despite，是相对同义选项，应该是二者选一。
　　题3：A 稳定和B 增加，虽然C和D也可以和心率形成‘搭配’，但是前者是广义的反义选项，二者选一的可能性更大。
　　题7：A opposite和D expected，这是更直接的反义选项，构成了数学上的‘全集’，理论上如果和题意相关，必然是二者选一。但请注意，不是绝对的二者选一，这点和‘相对同义选项’不同。历史上有例外，本次考试也有，那就是和题意无关，就都排除了。
　　题8，这是升级版的‘反义选项’题目，居然是两组反义词，稍微增加了难度。
　　题9，A aggravate D enhance都和C moderate是反义选项。而题目又同时可以和题目中的宾语effect搭配，是‘绝对同义选项’。那么就形成了理论上最简单的题目：A和D绝对同义；A和C反义，就可以直接选择答案了，而看原文都显得没有什么必要了，呵呵，看来，神马都是浮云啊。。。
　　题10，肉体和精神当然是反义词，我发现在这种偏理科的文章当中，这种极端的出题方式太让人泪奔了，幸好是简单的趋势，如果相反，我们就惨了啊。而C subconscious这个词的长度和难度都可以让人直接排除掉。。。
　　题13，就是我刚刚提及的例外。A unless，也就是if not；C if，虽然是反义的，但是不符题意的逻辑关系，当然都不选。也很好理解。虽然是少数的矛盾和例外，但是仍旧不能影响这道题本身考察逻辑关系的简单。
　　题14，稍微难以判断的反义选择，因为很多同学对C precede的意思还不熟，但是根据前缀pre你也应该判断出些许端倪吧。还是二者选一。
　　题15，最简单的反义介词二选一。
　　题17，形容词二选一，也不难吧。
　　像其他的一些课上老师重点讲的出题伎俩和解题技巧，甚至一些搞笑的无知选项以及首句给予大量信息这样的亘古不变的完型规律，其实，都有出现。大家可以看看(1/6/10-13/16/18/20)。