2015考研英语：长难句真题精析

夜末清风

考研英语长难句是考研英语复习的重点和难点，下面，老师就精析一下2002年考研英语真题text3和text4文章中的长难句，希望考生能收获到最多。

　　1. The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　解析：本句较短，主干是：The Supreme Court's decisions carry important implications for sth，for后面有一个how引导的宾语从句how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　参考译文：最高法庭关于医生协助病人结束生命问题的裁决，对于如何用药物减轻病危者的痛苦这个问题来说，具有重要的意义。

　　2. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　解析：本句较长，有that引导的两个宾语从句that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide，that an action having two effects，以及that引导的两个同位语从句：a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen。本句的主句是：the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect"。

　　参考译文：尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法庭实际上却认可了医疗界的“双效”原则，这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为，如果某种行为具有双重效果（希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果），那么，只要行为实施只是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以允许的。

　　3. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."

　　解析：本句中出现that引导的两个定语从句：that the principle will shield doctors，that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain，以及who 引导的定语从句who "until now have very, very strongly insisted。翻译时定语从句可以独立成句。注意Mediation的语境意思是“镇痛剂”，本意是“调停，调和”。

　　参考译文：蒙特非奥里医疗中心主任南希?都博勒认为，这项原则将消除部分医生的疑虑，这些医生在此之前一直强烈地认为，如果给病人充分的药品来止痛会加速他们的死亡的话，那就不能这样做。

　　4. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

　　解析：本句的主干是many acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by… for …，that引导一个宾语从句，以及后面的for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying是定语从句，先行词是patients。

　　参考译文：另一方面，许多医疗界人士承认，致使医助自杀这场争论升温的部分原因是由于病人们的绝望情绪，对这些病人来说，现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦。

　　5. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short time.

　　解析：本句中出现了as引导的状语从句as winter grips the northern hemisphere，同时也是插入语，动名词做主语Strengthening economic growth，本句的主干是：Strengthening economic growth could push the price higher.

　　参考译文：强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。

　　6. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.

　　解析：本句结构较简单，出现了so引导的原因状语从句so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.难点在于个别短语的翻译：muted “沉默的，被弄哑的”，上下文的语境是“不太显著的”。

　　参考译文：在欧洲，税金在汽油零售价的比例高达4/5，因此，即使原油价格发生很大的波动，汽油价格所受的影响也不会像过去那么显著。

　　7. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.

      解析：本句是三个并列的成分共同组成的主语：Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries，注意第三个并列的主语是：a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries。翻译时按顺序翻译即可。

　　参考译文：能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的降低，都减少了石油消耗量。

　　8. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.

　　解析：本句中出现了宾语从句，宾语从句里出现了if引导的条件状语从句，if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.同时也出现了比较的对象compared with $13 in 1998,作为插入成分出现的。

　　参考译文：国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右，与1998年的13美元一桶相比，这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25％～0.5％。

　　9. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.

　　解析：本句出现了that引导的表语从句that it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.同时也出现了插入语unlike the rises in the 1970s,本句的主干是One more reason is that...。

　　参考译文：另外一个不应因油价上升而失眠的原因是，与20世纪70年代不同，这次油价上升不是发生在普遍的物价暴涨及全球需求过旺背景之下。